The vertebral column, or backbone, is made up of 33 vertebrae that are separated by spongy disks. The spine is divided into 4 areas:
- Cervical spine: The first 7 vertebrae, located in the neck
- Thoracic spine: The next 12 vertebrae, located in the chest area
- Lumbar spine: The next 5 vertebrae, located in the lower back
- Sacral spine: The lowest 5 vertebrae, located below the waist, also includes the 4 vertebrae that make up the tailbone (coccyx)
Step 2: In the left pane of the main interface, select the unknown external hard drive and click “Rebuild MBR” from “Check Disk” menu. You can also right-click the target disk and select this function. Step 3: You will be prompted back to the main interface. Here, click “Apply” to execute the change. Disk #0, Partition #2 6 A StartingOffset (in bytes) that is not 1,048,576 (1MB) is likely misaligned. Partitions created on Windows Vista/2008 and greater will automatically use a 1MB starting offset. See the following document(s) for more information: Disk Partition Alignment Best Practices for SQL Server. Any RAM disk size on 64-bit systems. Up to approximately 3.5 GB on 32-bit systems. Persistent RAM disks with associated on-disk images. Volatile RAM disks whose content disappears on shutdown. Built-in disk image manipulation tools. Five very good reasons to use the RAM Disk. Higher computer performance. Provided you have a sufficient amount of. Disk Defrag ULTIMATE. Product Version 4.10.0.0. Formerly known as Disk Defrag Pro and recently renamed to Ultimate, this program offers all the tools and options you need for complete professional optimization of HDDs and SSDs.
The lumbar spine consists of 5 bony segments in the lower back area, which is where lumbar disk disease occurs.
- Bulging disk. With age, the intervertebral disk may lose fluid and become dried out. As this happens, the spongy disk (which is located between the bony parts of the spine and acts as a “shock absorber”) becomes compressed. This may lead to the breakdown of the tough outer ring. This lets the nucleus, or the inside of the ring, to bulge out. This is called a bulging disk.
- Ruptured or herniated disk. As the disk continues to break down, or with continued stress on the spine, the inner nucleus pulposus may actually rupture out from the annulus. This is a ruptured, or herniated, disk. The fragments of disc material can then press on the nerve roots located just behind the disk space. This can cause pain, weakness, numbness, or changes in sensation.
Most disk herniations happen in the lower lumbar spine, especially between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae and between the fifth lumbar vertebra and the first sacral vertebra (the L4-5 and L5-S1 levels).
What causes lumbar disk disease?
Lumbar disk disease is caused by a change in the structure of the normal disk. Most of the time, disk disease happens as a result of aging and the normal break down that occurs within the disk. Sometimes, severe injury can cause a normal disk to herniate. Injury may also cause an already herniated disk to worsen.
What are the risks for lumbar disk disease?
Although age is the most common risk, physical inactivity can cause weak back and abdominal muscles, which may not support the spine properly. Back injuries also increase when people who are normally not physically active participate in overly strenuous activities. Jobs that require heavy lifting and twisting of the spine can also cause back injuries.
What are the symptoms of lumbar disk disease?
The symptoms of lumbar disk disease vary depending on where the disk has herniated, and what nerve root it is pushing on. These are the most common symptoms of lumbar disk disease:
- Intermittent or continuous back pain. This may be made worse by movement, coughing, sneezing, or standing for long periods of time
- Spasm of the back muscles
- Sciatica – pain that starts near the back or buttock and travels down the leg to the calf or into the foot
- Muscle weakness in the legs
- Numbness in the leg or foot
- Photodirector ultra 8 0 2703 0 download free. Decreased reflexes at the knee or ankle
- Changes in bladder or bowel function
The symptoms of lumbar disc disease may look like other conditions or medical problems. Always see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.
How is lumbar disk disease diagnosed?
In addition to a complete medical history and physical exam, you may have one or more of the following tests:
![Disk map 2 5 x 4 Disk map 2 5 x 4](https://insmac.org/uploads/posts/2018-07/1532633257_disk_map.png)
- X-ray. A test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A procedure that uses a combination of large magnets, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body.
- Myelogram. A procedure that uses dye injected into the spinal canal to make the structure clearly visible on X-rays.
- Computed tomography scan (also called a CT or CAT scan). An imaging procedure that uses X-rays and computer technology to produce horizontal, or axial, images (often called slices) of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, and organs. CT scans are more detailed than general X-rays.
- Electromyography (EMG). A test that measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve’s stimulation of the muscle.
How is lumbar disk disease treated?
Typically, conservative therapy is the first line of treatment to manage lumbar disk disease. This may include a mix of the following:
- Bed rest
- Education on proper body mechanics (to help decrease the chance of worsening pain or damage to the disk)
- Physical therapy, which may include ultrasound, massage, conditioning, and exercise programs
- Weight control
- Use of a lumbosacral back support
- Medicine to control pain and relax muscles
If these measures fail, you may need surgery to remove the herniated disc. Surgery is done under general anesthesia. Your surgeon will make an incision in your lower back over the area where the disc is herniated. Some bone from the back of the spine may be removed to gain access to the disc. Your surgeon will remove the herniated part of the disc and any extra loose pieces from the disc space.
After surgery, you may be restricted from activity for several weeks while you heal to prevent another disc herniation. Your surgeon will discuss any restrictions with you.
What are the complications of lumbar disk disease?
Lumbar disk disease can cause back and leg pain that interferes with daily activities. It can lead to leg weakness or numbness and trouble with bowel and bladder control.
Can lumbar disk disease be prevented?
Maintaining a healthy weight, participating in regular exercise, and using good posture can lessen your risk for lumbar disk disease.
Living with lumbar disk disease
Conservative therapy requires patience; but sticking with your treatment plan can reduce back pain and minimize the chance of worsening pain or damage to the disk. Conservative measures and surgery can both take time to be effective.
When should I call my healthcare provider?
Call your healthcare provider if your pain increases or if you start having trouble with bowel or bladder control.
Key points about lumbar disk disease
- Path finder 8 2 – powerful award winning finder alternative. Lumbar disk disease may occur when a disc in the low back area of the spine bulges or herniates from between the bony area of the spine.
- Lumbar disk disease causes lower back pain and leg pain and weakness that is made worse by movement and activity.
- The first step in treatment is to reduce pain and reduce the risk of further injury to the spine.
- Surgery may be considered if the more conservative therapy fails.
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Summary :
Does your disk appear as unknown or not initialized in Disk Management? This post talks about the two causes of this issue: unallocated space or no size. Keep reading to learn how to fix and recover data from a not initialized or unallocated disk.
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Hard Disk Shows “Unknown Not Initialized” in Windows
“When I plug in the drive, it says that it's successfully installed however it does not appear in 'my computer'. Also when I go into system tools it says that disk 1 is unknown, not initialized, unallocated. Can you please help me, I don’t want to lose my data, it contains all my pictures.”sevenforum
Like the case above, the issue “disk unknown not initialized” happens not only on removable hard drives but also on internal or external hard drives from major manufacturers like Western Digital, Samsung, etc in Windows 10/8/7.
When it occurs, your hard drive may show unallocated space in Disk Management, and the data on which will be inaccessible.
In addition, there is another situation: there is no disk space shown in Disk Management.
Tip: Sometimes you may find your external hard drive not showing up. What should you do? This post - 10 Situations Where External Hard Drive Not Showing up & Solutions shows you the fixes.
In general, a disk being unknown or uninitialized can be caused by various events including a virus attack, corrupted Master Boot Record, partition loss, bad sectors, and some computer file system corruption. If you are having trouble fixing your hard disk, please try the following solutions.
How to Solve Disk Unknown Not Initialized Windows 10/8/7
Case 1: Disk Unknown, Not initialized, Unallocated
First of all, open Disk Management and find the uninitialized disk. If its disk capacity is shown, that means your Windows operating system has recognized this disk, but its partition is lost or MBR is corrupted due to some reasons. In this case, you can use a professional software to fix the MBR and recover the partition.
Solution 1: Initialize Your Hard Drive
When it comes to hard disk not initialized, the first thing that you may do is to initialize this hard drive. Run Disk Management by right-clicking “My computer” and then selecting “Manage”. You can also press the keys “Win + R” and input “compmgmt.msc” to run the partition management tool.
Next, find the external hard drive connected to THIS computer. You will see this unknown disk appearing as “unallocated”. If this external hard drive does not contain any important files, you can go ahead and initialize the disk without losing data. In Windows 10, initializing the disk to MBR or GPT should directly solve this problem.
Tip: What happens if I initialize my disk? Disk initialization can wipe out all the data and cause data loss. As a result, if you have stored a large amount of data on the external hard drive, an initialization operation like this is not recommended.
Therefore, due to the effects of data loss, this solution is not always the best.
Solution 2: Rebuild MBR
MBR, short for Master Boot Record, is a special type of boot sector at the beginning of the hard drive. It could possibly be corrupted due to many reasons, such as malware infection, accidental power failure, and mistaken operation.
If the MBR gets corrupted, the operating system will no longer know where to access its data. This is when the issue “disk 1 unknown not initialized external hard drive” could occur. Therefore, you need to rebuild MBR for your hard disk to solve this issue.
How to fix MBR in Windows 10?
You might have heard about a highly popular tool for partition and disk management - MiniTool Partition Wizard.
This partition and disk manager is designed to do partition and disk management in different operating systems, including Windows Vista/XP/7/8/8.1/10, Windows Server 2003/2008/2012/2016.
It has multiple different editions - Free, Pro, Pro Deluxe, Pro Ultimate, Server, Enterprise, and Technician Edition - each having different functions. Click here to learn about their differences.
To fix a corrupted Master Boot Record, using the Free Edition would suffice. First, download this free tool and install it on your computer.
Step 1: Run MiniTool Partition Wizard Free Edition.
Step 2: In the left pane of the main interface, select the unknown external hard drive and click “Rebuild MBR” from “Check Disk” menu. You can also right-click the target disk and select this function.
Step 3: You will be prompted back to the main interface. Here, click “Apply” to execute the change.
If this method also cannot fix the issue - disk 1 unknown not initialized Western Digital, try another solution as follows.
Solution 3: Partition Recovery
Rebuilding MBR cannot always fully work on the “disk unknown not initialized” issue. In Disk Management, if you find disk shows unallocated space, just try to do partition recovery.
Note: Don’t create a new partition on the unallocated disk, or it will be really difficult for partition recovery.
MiniTool Partition Wizard also provides a feature called “Partition Recovery”. It helps you recover the lost partition as well as its data. This will be useful as long as the new partition has not been created.
Note that this is a paid feature. To use it, you can purchase its Pro Ultimate Edition.
Tip: Hard drives (both MBR and GPT) that have disk unknown not initialized issue will be shown as MBR disk in Partition Wizard. If it was a GPT disk and now is shown as MBR, please convert it to GPT before you recover partition. Otherwise, there will be a failure.
If you find the message “hard drive not initialized in Disk Management”, please try this solution in sevenforums using partition recovery to solve this issue. Here is a step-by-step guide below in Windows 10.
Step 1: Run MiniTool Partition Wizard. Then right-click on the target disk that has “unallocated space”, and select “Partition Recovery”. Alternatively, click this function from the “Check Disk” drop-down menu.
Note: It is likely that your external hard drive could appear as “bad disk” in MiniTool Partition Wizard. In this case, you can also right-click on this disk to make a partition recovery.
Step 2: Select the scanning range for the specified disk. There are three scanning range as follows:
- Full Disk scans the entire disk, which is very useful for finding the lost partition.
- Unallocated Space helps to only scan free space.
- Specified Range scans specified sectors. When clicking this option, you can change “Starting LBA” and “Ending LBA” according to your needs.
Choose one of the scanning range as you like, then click “Next” to continue.
Step 3: Select a scanning method.
- Quick Scanrestores your partition if your lost/deleted partitions are continuous. When the program finds a lost/deleted partition, it will jump to the end of the partition to continue scanning other lost/deleted partitions.
- Full Scanwill scan each sector of the specified scanning range. If quick scan cannot find the lost partitions, try full scan.
Click “Next” to continue doing partition recovery.
Step 4: Wait for this scan to complete finding the lost or deleted partitions. After finishing a scan, all lost partitions will be displayed in the following list. Please select the partitions you need.
Here you can double-click the searched partition to explore its content. After selecting your desired partitions, click “Finish” to go back to the main interface.
Step 5: In the main interface, you can preview all lost partitions. Click “Apply” to execute all changes.
Tip: This screenshot shows you the partitions you will recover, which have not been assigned drive letters. You need to use MiniTool Partition Wizard to change drive letter.
Get MiniTool Partition Wizard now to try fixing the hard drive not initialized in Disk Management issue. If you find it useful, share it with other people to help them too.
After performing partition recovery, the issue of disk 1 unknown not initialized external hard drive should be fixed, and all data on this disk should be able to be accessed.
Solution 4: Recover Data from Unknown Disk
What should do if you have a large amount of important data saved on a hard drive with lost or deleted partitions, and 'Partition Recovery' can’t help you?
Disk Map 2 5 0
Don’t panic! The data on your external hard drive can be recovered by MiniTool. It offers a 'Data Recovery' feature that quickly recovers data when a hard drive is not initialized with simple clicks. Try it with MiniTool Partition Wizard Pro Ultimate.
Step 1: Choose the unknown not initialized disk and click the 'Data Recovery' feature from 'Check Disk'.
Step 2: This software will start scanning the selected disk; wait patiently until the scan completes.
Disk Map 2 5 X 5
Step 3: After the scan is complete, you can check the files that you need from the list it shows you. Then choose these items and click 'Save' to recover them to a safe location.
Related article:Recover Data from Disk Shows as Unknown without Damaging It
For more information about case 1, you can watch the following video.
Case 2: Disk Unknown Not Initialized No size in Disk Management
If Disk Management is unable to show any information on neither this hard drive nor its disk capacity, the hard drive might have some disk problem or cartridge problem. Performing operations might be blocked by the “external hard disk not initialized I/O” error.
Solution 1: Turn off PC and Remove Battery
Perhaps disk unknown not initialized no size issue is caused by the PC motherboard issue. Just try to remove the battery to fix the issue:
- Turn off the computer.
- Disconnect the data and power cables from the problematic drive.
- Remove the CMOS battery for ten more seconds.
- Insert the CMOS battery.
- Turn on the computer.
- Shut down your computer.
- Connect data and power cable of the problematic drive.
- Start the computer.
If this method doesn’t work, please continue reading.
Solution 2: Replace the Bad External Hard Drive
Usually, Disk Management is unable to grab the disk information or the capacity of a disk that is unknown or not initialized. This issue could still exist even when you connect the disk to another computer.
In this case, you should take this disk out and send it to professionals for an inspection. If there is a physical error, the only solution to the unknown not initialized no size issue is to throw it away and replace this bad external hard drive.
In addition, there are still some disk problems in Disk Management, such as hard disk is not detected and hard drive space is missing, the following two articles could be useful. Crossover 17 5.
Conclusion
In summary, this issue “disk unknown not initialized” can be solved quickly and easily with the assistance of MiniTool Partition Wizard. When addressing this problem, please try MiniTool products to rebuild MBR, recover partition and retrieve data. Hope you find this post useful.
Please leave a comment below or contact [email protected] if you have any suggestion or question. Thanks in advance!
Disk Unknown Not Initialized FAQ
???? How do I fix disk 1 unknown is not initialized?
When you encounter the issue of disk unknown not initialized in Windows 10/8/7, you can try multiple solutions to fix it, for example, initialize your hard drive, rebuild MBR, perform partition recovery or recover data from unknown disk, turn off your PC and remove the battery and replace the bad hard drive.
Of course, initializing a disk will erase it. That is, when you initialize a hard drive, you make it usable by Windows operating system but all the contents are removed.
Disk initialization can wipe out all the disk data and cause data loss. If there is a large amount of data on your hard drive, it is not recommended to initialize a disk.
In Windows 10/8/7, press Win +R to open the Run dialog, input diskmgmt.msc and click OK to open Disk Management. Right-click your target hard drive that you need to initialize, choose Initialize Disk and choose a partition style.